|
Introductory Note
Introductory Note
Pierre Corneille was born in Rouen in 1606, the son of an official; was
educated by the Jesuits, and practised unsuccessfully as a lawyer. His
dramatic career began with the comedy of "Melite," but it was by his "Medee"
that he first proved his tragic genius. "The Cid" appeared in 1636, and a
series of masterpieces followed - "Horace," "Cinna," "Polyeucte," "Le
Menteur." After a failure in "Pertharite" he retired from the stage, deeply
hurt by the disapproval of his audience. Six years later he resumed play -
writing with "Cedipe" and continued till 1674, producing in all some thirty
plays. Though he earned a great reputation, he was poorly paid; and a proud
and sensitive nature laid him open to considerable suffering. He died in 1684.
The works of Corneille represent most fully the ideal of French so -
called "classical" tragedy. The laws to which this type of tragedy sought to
conform were not so much truth to nature as the principles which the critics
had derived from a somewhat inadequate interpretation of Aristotle and of the
practise of the Greek tragedians. These principles concentrated the interest
of the play upon a single central situation, in order to emphasize which,
subordinate characters and complicating under - plots were avoided as much as
possible. There was little or no action upon the stage, and the events of the
plot were narrated by messengers, or by the main characters in conversation
with confidantes. Further, the "dramatic unities" of time and place, as well
as of action, were held to be binding.
One result of these rules was to give an extraordinary importance to the
speeches; and it is in the eloquence of these, in the grandeur and dignity of
the versification, and in the lofty moral elevation of the characters, that
Corneille excels. All of these qualities are admirably exemplified in
"Polyeucte"; and in the conduct of the leading personages one may perceive the
most persistent trait of this dramatist`s treatment of heroic character - the
conquest of the passions by the reason and the will. "Among the masterpieces
of the Corneille," says Paul de Saint - Victor, "`Polyeucte` is assuredly the
greatest; and nothing in all his dramas equals the extraordinary beauty of the
character of `Pauline.`"
|
